I thought your sales taxes were local. We don't have sales tax. It would be hard to take say 20% VAT plus 9% Sales Tax.
The VAT fraud comes in all sorts of ways. The simple version is where a fraudster imports some goods, and then sells them. When he sells them, he charges the price of the goods, plus VAT. Then he fucks off never passing the VAT onto the government.
Then there is the cleverer stuff which may not work so well in the US but is a huge scam in Europe where several businesses act in concert. In this situation, the goods are sold to a series of companies, before being exported again. The goods therefore go round in a 'carousel'. This is best explained by way of an example.
Consider a trader based in the UK. He buys from France a consignment of mobile telephones for £1,000,000. He pays the French telephone manufacturer for the goods. The goods are then shipped to a dock in the UK. No VAT is charged on that shipment. The trader now sells those telephones to a conspirator, for £1,100,000. He charges 17,5%VAT (the standard VAT rate in the UK) and the conspirator sends £1,292,500 (being the price of the goods plus the tax) to the trader. This conspirator then sells the goods to a third conspirator for £1,200,000, charging VAT on that sale. The third conspirator pays £1,410,000 to the second. This may continue for many conspirators; however three will suffice for an example. The third trader now sells the telephones to a German company, which may well be innocent. No VAT is charged, and the sales price of £1,500,000 paid by the German company without VAT. So far the conspirators have made a profit of £500,000 perfectly legitimately on buying and selling mobile telephones.
In an honest operation the first trader would pay £192,500 to HM Revenue and Customs (the UK's VAT collection agency). The second trade has collected £210,000 in VAT, but paid £192,500 in VAT, and therefore only has to pay the difference (£17,500) to HM Revenue and Customs. The third trader has charged no tax on its sale, but has paid £210,000 in VAT, and can therefore reclaim £210,000 from HM Revenue and Customs.
In the fraud, the first business vanishes, without paying the VAT to HM Revenue & Customs. When the last business in the chain collects £210,000 on the export, all of the businesses can vanish, £192,500 better off at the expense of HM Revenue and Customs. As this business is removed from the vanishing party it is hard for HM Revenue and Customs to show the links in the chain, and thereby refuse to refund the VAT on the export.
These guys don't just not pay tax they get the government to pay them instead.
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